Economic hardship can increase vulnerability by pushing children and young people towards illegal activities as a means of survival or financial gain.

Living in areas with high crime rates

Constant exposure to criminal activity can normalise harmful behaviours and increase the likelihood of exploitation.

"I was just walking home from the shops when this car pulled up beside me. These guys got out, and they knew my name, knew where I lived, knew everything about me. They weren't shouting or anything - they were actually sound at first, asking about football and that. Then they said that they needed me to do them a favour, just a 'wee job'. The way they said it, it wasn't really a question. My stomach just dropped because I knew exactly who they were. Everyone round here knows.

They just wanted me to watch a house and text them when someone left. Paid me a few quid the day after I'd told them. I thought maybe that would be it. Next thing they wanted me to collect something, then deliver something else. I was bricking it every single time. My hands would be shaking, and I'd feel like I was gonna throw up. Every time my phone buzzed I'd panic thinking it was them with another job.

The fear was mental, but you can't say no to these people. It wasn't even threats really, just reminders that they knew everything. I felt so angry at myself for getting into it.

I stopped going out with my mates. I was fighting with everybody in the house and my ma kept asking what was wrong, but I couldn't tell her. She'd be straight to them and that would cause all sorts.

These people don't care that you're still a kid - they just see someone they can use and throw away.

The worst part was feeling totally trapped, like there was no way out. If I went to the police, I'd be a tout and that would be it for me and my family. We'd be out or battered or shot. If I kept doing what they wanted, I was ok."

A lack of legitimate pathways to success may make criminal alternatives appear more accessible or necessary.

Unstable living conditions can increase exposure to exploitative individuals and reduce access to support services.

Children and young people may feel pressure to contribute financially, making them more susceptible to offers of quick money through illegal means.