Feelings of inadequacy or low self-worth may make children and young people more susceptible to manipulation, particularly when they are seeking validation, belonging, or a sense of purpose.

Past experiences of trauma, including physical, emotional, or sexual abuse can create emotional vulnerabilities that may be exploited by others.

Children and young people with additional needs may face barriers in recognising risk, understanding intent, or seeking help. These factors can increase vulnerability to exploitation, especially when appropriate support is lacking. It is essential that practitioners approach these issues with a strengths-based, non-blaming perspective.

Children and young people who use drugs or alcohol may be more easily controlled or coerced by perpetrators, particularly when dependency is used as a tool for manipulation.

Withdrawal from normal/social activities such as youth club. Children and young people who feel disconnected or unsupported may be more likely to seek belonging in unsafe environments.

Bereavement or unresolved emotional pain can increase vulnerability to exploitation, especially when children or young people are seeking comfort or escape.