Peer groups
Peer groups are relatively small, informal, and often transient social groupings of children and young people. These groups may not self-identify as gangs, and their structure and purpose can vary depending on context. While some peer groups are formed around shared interests or social connections, others may become involved in risky or harmful behaviours, including criminal activity or exploitation.
Key Characteristics
Fluid identity
Peer groups may not have a fixed name, structure, or hierarchy. Their identity can shift depending on location, relationships, or external perceptions.
Social influence
Children and young people within peer groups may be influenced by group norms, peer pressure, or a desire for acceptance, which can lead to engagement in anti-social or criminal behaviour.
Pathway to exploitation
In some cases, peer groups can act as a gateway to more organised forms of exploitation. For example, a group may be targeted or infiltrated by older individuals or organised crime groups seeking to coerce or manipulate members.
Normalisation of harm
Harmful behaviours such as drug use, violence, or exploitation may be normalised within the group, making it harder for young people to recognise risk or seek help.
Practitioner Considerations
Context matters
Not all peer groups are harmful, but practitioners should assess the context, behaviours, and vulnerabilities of group members.
Early intervention
Identifying risky peer dynamics early can help prevent escalation into gang involvement or exploitation.
Relationship-based practice
Building trust with young people is key to understanding their peer relationships and offering support.
Multi-agency collaboration
Sharing information across education, youth services, and policing can help identify patterns and provide holistic support.